SARS-CoV2:

In the recent pandemic scenario of COVID-19, it has been observed that the genetic system of the individual plays an important role in susceptibility towards the viral infection, development of immunity, and response towards the treatment. The susceptibility towards disease, development of immunity, and recovery from the diseases are relative to the HLA genes. This also influences the response towards vaccines as well. 

Genes and Immunity:

There are two types of immunity

Innate Immunity - Also called natural or native immunity is a non-specific type of immunity that provides is the first line of defense against microbes. It comes into play within hours of infection.

Adaptive Immunity - Also called specific or acquired immunity is an antigen-specific type of immunity that is more precise that recognizes targets and reacts to a large number of infections.

Sometimes individual’s body tends to attack their own cells, tissues, or organ. This is known as autoimmunity. Genetic factors are not just related to the inheritance of disease but are also related to specific autoantibodies. 

Diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, are some of the examples of autoimmune diseases. First degree relatives are prone to develop Type I Diabetes (TID). Class II genes of HLA contribute to a major role in the development of the TID. There is about a 3-fold increased risk of getting Type II Diabetes (T2D) if the individual has a family history for the same. 

Thus, the relationship between genes, environment, and disease gives a clear picture of the pathogenic mechanism which causes decrease intolerance and development of immune-related conditions.

Genetics and Nutrition:

Genes play a major role in deciding the nutritional assessment of the body. Processes like absorption, metabolism, and excretion are also linked with genetic inheritance. Inborn differences in the enzyme activities and other functional proteins contribute to variations in nutritional requirements. Craving and aversion to certain food also depend on genetic variations, which has a direct consequence on the nutrition requirement of the body.

Sales of single vitamins have seen a 166% surge in sales. People have realized that if they include vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and antioxidants in their diet, their immunity will be in check, not just in times of the coronavirus pandemic but for any other infection that may harm the body. Which micronutrients will work for you and how much of these micronutrients you need exactly, is determined by your genes. Your diet, your genes, and your immunity are the cornerstones of your health and wellbeing.